软件系统设计-第二课

2021年03月01日 13时12分

标签：软件系统设计

## 第二课 · System Design 框架设计
![软件系统设计.svg](https://pic.stackoverflow.wiki/uploadImages/112/2/254/94/2021/03/01/13/17/d2b141f9-b169-4a2b-a959-944c1fdf2a6b.svg)

### What is design?

- Analysis

- Define **what the system can do** and what the services the system can provide?

- Design

- **How** do our system provide services?

### A design example

- Requirements

- Design a house with two bedrooms, a kitchen, a study room, a dining room, and one bathroom.
  - The distance to walk in the room should be minimized.
  - The sunlight should be maximized.

- Interface

- Window
  - Door

- Service

- Sleep
  - Cooking..

- Subsystem

- Bedrooms
  - kitchen..

- Designing Goals

- The distance to walk in the room should be minimized.
  - The sunlight should be maximized.

### How to specify design

- Package Diagram

- Usage

- Show the **logical** structure of the system

- Package

- Subsystem/Module
    - A set of related classes

- Ralationship

- Dependency

- 某一个包中的类和另一个包中的类产生关系
      - 产生接口

- Generalization 
    - Mix-in

- Create a Class Diagram for a Package In VP

- Right Click the Package -> Exist/New Diagram -> Class Diagram
    - Decompose of the System

- Component Diagram

- Usage

- Show the **physical** structure of the system

- Component

- Each component is a real thing

- Executable File
      - Library

- DLL
        - JAR

- Source Code
      - Database/OS

- Ralationship

- Dependency
    - Composition：组合
    - Aggregation：聚合

### Design Goal

- Source

- Non-functional Requirements

- Perspective

- End User

- 直接用户

- Customer

- Pay for the system

- Developer

- Category

- Performance：性能

- Response Time
    - Throughput

- 吞吐量

- Memory

- Dependability：可依赖性

- Robustness：鲁棒性
    - Reliability：可靠性
    - Availability
    - Fault Tolerance：容错性
    - Security

- 信息安全

- Safety

- 物理安全

- Cost

- Development Cost
  - Deployment Cost
  - Upgrade Cost
  - Maintenance Cost
  - Delivery Cost：交付花费

- Maintenance

- Extensibility：可扩展性
  - Modifiability：可修改性
  - Portability：可移植性
  - Readability：可读性
  - Traceability：可追溯性

- End User

- Utility
  - Usability：易用性
  - Functionality

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软件系统设计-第二课

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